Form: SC 13G

Schedule filed to report acquisition of beneficial ownership of 5% or more of a class of equity securities by passive investors and certain institutions

December 10, 2007

JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

Published on December 10, 2007

This Joint Filing Agreement confirms the agreement by and among the undersigned
that the Schedule 13G is filed on behalf of each of the reporting person(s)
identified below

LMM LLC



By___/s/_Nicholas C. Milano____________________________
Nicholas C. Milano, Chief Compliance Officer


Legg Mason Opportunity Trust,
a portfolio of Legg Mason Investment Trust, Inc.



By___/S/_Gregory T. Merz_______________________________
Gregory T. Merz, Vice President



Legg Mason Capital Management, Inc.



By___/S/_Nicholas C. Milano____________________________
Nicholas C. Milano, Chief Compliance Officer


Legg Mason Special Investment Trust, Inc.



By___/s/_Gregory T. Merz_______________________________
Gregory T. Merz, Vice President